If you've ever wondered how frameworks like Observable Plot, ggplot2, or Vega-Lite work, you've come to the right place! I was wondering the same thing, so I looked at a bunch of implementations, read a bunch of papers, and this is what I came up with. Below, you'll find a walkthrough of the Grammar of Graphics and how you might implement data viz framework based on it. My implementation most closely follows Observable Plot's. First, some dataset imports The Grammar of Graphics (GoG) is a language for defin